Journal of parallel and distributed computing, vol. The subject of this chapter is the design and analysis of parallel algorithms. Many parallel algorithms for arrays, lists, trees, and graphs can be easily. Interconnection network used to connect the processors. Pram is an execution model for algorithms on sharedmemory parallel machines, where the.
Abstractthe treehypercube th interconnection network is relatively a new interconnection network, which is constructed from tree and hypercube topologies. Parallel routing algorithms for nonblocking electronicand. Interconnection networks have become pervasive in their traditional application as processormemory and processorprocessor interconnect. Parallel architectures and interconnection networks instructor. Pdf parallel maximum sum algorithms on interconnection. Hardware used to connect the processors in a parallel computer.
The interconnection networks are of two types direct connection networks the nodes that are adjacent to each other are connected, which is known as direct connection networks. A parallel searching algorithm on sorted matrices is issued by sarnath and xin with o1oglogn execution time. Interconnects are made of switches and links wires, fiber. It introduces the main characteristics of interconnection networks and presents some major network topologies. Numerical analysis of parallel modular exponentiation for rsa. Performance analysis of mesh interconnection networks with. We show that the presented parallel routing algorithms can route connections in time for an rnb and in time for an snb. All processors can read from or write to the global memory in parallel at the same. The interconnection network is the switching fabric. January 2004 proceedings of the international symposium on parallel architectures, algorithms and networks. The shuffleexchange network provides suitable interconnection patterns for implementing certain parallel algorithms, such as polynomial evaluation, fast. Interconnection networks network topology computer network.
In this paper, we present several data communication schemes and basic algorithms for these two networks. Interconnection networks have many different applications, including but not limited to, being used as intercon. Parallel algorithm for sorting a signed permutation by. In this chapter, the sharedmemory parallel machines are introduced first. Typically the interconnection networks are divided into static and dynamic. Multistage interconnection networks mins are used in multiprocessing systems to provide costeffective, high bandwidth communication between processors andor memory modules. Second, although mot is a wellknown concept for parallel algorithms and architectures, it has not been applied to build interconnection network.
Interconnection network design in parallel computer. Introduction hypercubes are networks of interconnected proces sors where each processor resides at the node of a bi nary ncube and the interprocessor connections are the edges of the binary ncube each edge models a pair of unidirectional. Numerical results are employed to show that the analysed approach is faster than accepted approach which is the binary method. In parallel computer systems, the information is communicated among the processors by interconnection network. The networks using dynamic topology fall in the following categories of. Meshoftrees and alternative interconnection networks for. On a new interconnection network for large scale parallel systems. Parallel algorithms and programming 2019 this lecture presents interconnection network for parallel distributed memory systems. Many new parallel algorithms have been proposed in the literature within the wellknown pram model 9,8. Any parallel system that employs more than one processor per application program must be designed to allow its processors to communicate efficiently. We describe the mot network structure and demonstrate, through both theoretical analysis and simulation, that the proposed mot network can achieve competitive throughput and low. Two classes of sharedmemory architecture based on network connecting.
Kessler, design and analysis of parallel algorithms, chapter 2. In this paper, we propose a new parallel multiplication algorithm on th. Chapter 2 parallel architectures and interconnection networks the interonnecction network is the heart of arpallel architecture. Interconnection networks, parallel programming in c with mpi and openmp epcc chapter 1. This fact emphasizes the importance of interconnection networks to overall parallel system performance. For example, the parallel computation of prefix sums is much easier on arra3s than. Efficient parallel learning algorithms for neural networks. Optimal parallel execution of complete binary trees and.
Efficient data transfer between processors is an essential component in any large scale parallel computation. A parallel search on hypercube interconnection network. Fall 2015 cse 610 parallel computer architectures basic definitions an interconnection network is a graph of nodes interconnected using channels node. Permutations of messages are needed in many parallel algorithms. A new parallel matrix multiplication algorithm on tree. Parallel computing interconnection networks readings. Click get books and find your favorite books in the online library. In this configuration n 1 buses are required to connect n nodes and the maximum internode distance is 2. Motivated by the growing interest in parallel computers, a significant amount of theoretical research has been devoted to the area of interconnection networks for parallel computers, most of it to the packet routing or store andforward model of communication. Interconnection topologies and routing for parallel. Issues in designing truly scalable interconnection networks. Parallel maximum sum algorithms on interconnection networks. Pdf sorting and selection on interconnection networks.
Qiu and akl presented an algorithm that works on interconnection networks hypercube and star of length p, using o log n parallel time with o n 3 log n processors 10. The network interface may hang off the io bus or the memory bus. Could describe the interconnection among multiple processors and memory modules. The star and pancake networks were recently proposed as attractive alternatives to the hypercube topology for interconnecting processors in a parallel computer. Download full interconnection networks for large scale parallel processing book or read online anytime anywhere, available in pdf, epub and kindle. Examples of interconnection networks include the internal buses in vlsi circuits, telephone switches and networks, networks for parallel distributed computing. The topologies typically found in processing systems are often regular. Processors pi can only access its own memory locations. Interconnection networks for large scale parallel processing. Can also describe the communication pattern among a set of parallel processes. Interconnection network domains onchip networks ocns interconnecting microarchitecture functional units, register files, caches, compute tiles, and processor and ip cores within chips or multichip modules network on chip noc brings a networking method to onchip communication and brings notable improvements over conventional bus. Parallel architectures and interconnection networks. On the theory of interconnection networks for parallel.
Parallel maximum sum algorithms on interconnection networks 1. Static networks consist of point topoint communication links among processing nodes and are also referred to as direct networks. We hence first observe the properties of the network as mathematical entities. Sdsu cs 662 theory of parallel algorithms networks to lecture notes index san diego state university this page last updated march 28, 1996, 1996 interconnection networks static interconnection networks processors are connected directly to other processors via point to point communication links dynamic interconnection networks.
Most of todays algorithms are sequential, that is, they specify a sequence of steps in which each step consists of a single operation. Pdf interconnection networks for large scale parallel. A variation of the metacube network has been proposed in 3, which inherits some of the useful properties of the metacube and folded hypercube. Announcements course ask a question progress faq register for certification exam course outline how to access the portal week 01. Parallel routing algorithms for incomplete hypercube. Elements of a parallel computer hardware multiple processors multiple memories interconnection network system software parallel operating system programming constructs to expressorchestrate concurrency application software parallel algorithms goal. Pdf interconnection networks for parallel processing. However, few parallel algorithms are known for these networks. As one of the most important parts of parallel processing systems, interconnection networks make connection between switches 1, 2, 15. Mapping algorithms to networks used to be a hot topic key metric. Balkan ao, michael nh, qu g, vishkin u 2007 layoutaccurate design and implementation of a highthroughput interconnection network for singlechip parallel processing.
The intercon nection network is the switching fabric responsible for providing communication between all processors in a parallel computer. Different interconnection topologies have been proposed, such as trees, meshes, hypercubes, etc. The quest for an ideal interconnection networks is an old one, with many networks proposed, and not as many networks implemented. Material based on michael papamichaels 18742 lecture slides from spring 2011. These algorithms are well suited to todays computers, which basically perform operations in a sequential fashion. Index terms parallel processing, interconnection networks, hexagonal mesh networks, ej networks, broadcasting, communication algorithms f 1. Network topologies arise in parallel architectures and parallel algorithms in several contexts. Pointtopoint interconnection networks have replaced buses in an ever widening range of applications that include onchip interconnect, switches and routers, and io systems. In a physical sense, this distinguishes a cluster from a tightly coupled multicomputer.
Interconnection networks ii chris fallin carnegie mellon university in turn based on onur mutlus 18742 lecture slides from spring 2010. Vernon, meinher, ieee abstractthis paper develops detailed analytical performance. The shuffleexchange network provid es suitable interconnection patterns for implementing certain parallel algorithms, such as polynomial evaluation, fast fourier transform fft, sorting, and matrix transposition sto 71. Sdsu cs 662 theory of parallel algorithms networks.
Singh parallel computer architecture and programming cmu 15418618, todd mowry and brian railing interconnection network architectures for highperformance computing, cyrielminkenberg, ibm. Network interfaces processors talk to the network via a network interface. Multistage interconnection network is actually a compromise between crossbar and shared bus networks of various types of multiprocessor interconnections networks. As an example, consider the problem of computing the sum of a sequence a of n numbers. Mean value analysis algorithms for multistage interconnection networks hong jiang and laxmi n.
Communication having data where its needed, when its needed. Parallel computer architecture and programming cmu 1541815618, spring 2015 lecture 18. Due to the big role played by the networks topology to improve the parallel systems performance, several interconnection network topologies have been proposed for that purpose. The standard algorithm computes the sum by making a single pass through the sequence, keeping a running sum of. The interconnection network is an important component in a parallel computer. Oct 01, 2012 enumerate the types of interconnection network. Dec 01, 1994 elsevier parallel computing 20 1994 17391761 parallel computing parallel routing algorithms for incomplete hypercube interconnection networks m. Pointtopoint interconnection networks have replaced buses in an ever widening range of applications that include on. Performance of parallel algorithms,basic techniques week 03. Physical organization of parallel platforms communication costs in parallel machines routing mechanisms for interconnection networks.
Pdf parallel maximum sum algorithms on interconnection networks. Michel syska at national institute for research in. Natalia chaudhry 1 recommended readings chapter 1 and 2, introduction to parallel computing anand grama chapter 2. Topology is a mapping function which draws the connection between the set of processors and memories to other processors and memories15. Impact of processprocessor mapping and mapping techniques.
Performing permutations on interconnection networks by regularly changing switch states wei kuang lai, member, ieee abstractin this paper, we present an algorithm for performing permutations of messages on multistage interconnection networks. However the said network consists of only two classes of clusters. The connection between the two points is fixed and hence direct connection networks are considered. Specifically, we compare the performance of several parallelizable optimization techniques to the standard backpropagation algorithm. Numerical analysis of parallel modular exponentiation for. In this we are giving the parallel algorithm that sorts a permutation of extended length n using motn interconnection network. Experimental results show the clear superiority of the numerical techniques. Clos interconnection networks, routing algorithm, blocking avoidance, three stage interconnection networks. Create free account to access unlimited books, fast download and ads. When the propagation time of messages through the network is significant, our. The distance is measured in terms of number of distinct hops between any two nodes.
The relative speeds of the io and memory buses impact. Parallel algorithms for solving geometric problems on two array processor modelsthe. Parallel computer architecture a hardwaresoftware approach, d. This research was supported in part by an nsf research initiation award ccr92. Communication algorithms in kary ncube interconnection networks. Tial andor theoretical parallel algorithms are proposed for the. Introduction to parallel computing liu ida linkopings universitet. Communication algorithms in kary ncube interconnection.
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